A similar requirement for a protective threshold of antibody production for parasite clearance following lethal challenge has been demonstrated in a P. chabaudi model using MSP1-specific transgenic CD4+ T cells in immunodeficient mice, where levels of MSP1-specific antibody and the speed of their production correlated with the time of resolution of infection (Stephens et al., 2005). This evidence concerns the gene ATAD1 and infection.