Elevated mTOR activity has been identified in the colonic epithelial cells of human IBD patients with active disease.47 Inhibitors of TORC1 have proven to be effective in IBD.48, 49 In addition, there are two case reports, indicating that the mTOR inhibitors, sirolimus and everolimus, induce remission in refractory CD patients.50, 51 These findings suggest that targeting mTOR may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IBD. This evidence concerns the gene CRTC1 and Cowden disease.