22,23 The present anemia may be attributed to immunomediated phenomena by autoantibodies directed against component of membrane of infected and uninfected erythrocytes,24 production of toxic hemolytic factors of the parasite,25 mechanical damage by trophozoite intra-erythrocytic binary fission,26 erythrophagocytosis and through of release vasoactive molecules such as kallikrein.2,27 Concerning the erythrocyte indices, with parasitemia rates progression, a significant decrease was observed in MCV and MCHC. The gene discussed is KLK4; the disease is anemia (phenotype).