The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway upregulates synaptic plasticity-related protein synthesis in the hippocampus, and long-term ginsenoside Rg1 treatment up-regulates mTOR signaling; thus ginsenoside Rg1 was suggested to contribute to synaptic plasticity and can prevent dementia (Yang et al., 2013). The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is dementia.