ITPR1 and Dystonia: Nevertheless, the IP3R1−/− (Matsumoto et al., 1996) and IP3R1opt/opt (Street et al., 1997) mice also present with epileptic symptoms, and the conditional cerebellum/brainstem IP3R1 knockout mice and waddles mice present with dystonia (Jiao et al., 2005; Hisatsune et al., 2013) (Supplemental Material, S5 IP3R1 in basal ganglia-independent dystonia).