MC4R and metabolic syndrome: Nevertheless, a new MC4R agonist, RM-493 (previously BIM-22493), was recently shown to decrease adiposity, increase energy expenditure and improve glucose metabolism with no detrimental cardiovascular effects in DIO rhesus macaques (Kievit et al, 2013), providing proof of concept for the use of MC4R-agonists to safely treat the metabolic syndrome.