TFAP2A and melanoma: It is known that elimination of TFAP2A from non-metastatic primary melanoma cells increases their malignancy while re-expression abrogates it, by controlling transcription of genes such as MCAM-MUC18, MMP2, PAR1, VEGF, BCL2, CDKN1A/p21, E-cadherin and KIT [33-35].