Because of our evidence demonstrating a direct link between AngII stimulation of the AT1 and activation of Nox4-dependent generation of superoxide in neural stem cells [12], together with evidence by others of prominent nuclear localization for Nox4 and Nox4-mediated superoxide generation [31,32], we explored the possibility that analogous interactions between the AT1 and Nox4 might occur within the nuclei of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra of Parkinson patients. This evidence concerns the gene NOX4 and Parkinson disease.