Resulting directly from immune cell activation, AD brains also have higher tissue levels of cytokines, including various interleukins (IL) such as IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interferon γ (IFNγ), all independently-linked to increased production of Aβ and tau phosphorylation (Zilka et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.