UBE2L3 and systemic lupus erythematosus: We measured UBE2L3 protein levels by intracellular flow cytometry in B cell subsets in blood samples from healthy individuals and SLE-affected individuals (Figures 6A–6C) and observed that UBE2L3 was 3- to 4-fold more abundant in circulating CD19midCD20−CD27hiCD38hiIgD− plasmablasts (p < 0.0001) and CD20−CD27hiCD38hiIgD−CD138hi plasma cells (p < 0.0001) compared to transitional, naive, and memory B cells.