Our recent immunohistochemical study in separate sets of bladder TMAs consisting of non-muscle-invasive tumors [19] also detected both nuclear and cytoplasmic NFATc1 signals and further revealed significant increases in the level of its nuclear expression in urothelial neoplasm, compared with non-neoplastic urothelium, and in low-grade or high-grade urothelial carcinoma, compared with papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential, a very low grade tumor that is neither benign nor intrinsically malignant [20]. The gene discussed is NFATC1; the disease is papillary urothelial neoplasm.