CAV1 and neoplasm: In addition, we co-cultured HSC-3 cells with normal human gingival fibroblasts and a cell line of tongue cancer-related fibroblasts (CaDEC12 cells) in an attempt to highlight the co-expression of CAV1and αSMA in spindle cells surrounding the tumor islands and to determine any possible involvement of CAV1 in both epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibroblast-to-cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) trans-differentiation processes.