Recent studies have clearly demonstrated that a higher expression of GRβ led to a lower GRα/GRβ ratio in the nasal polyps of GC-resistant CRS cases than in GC-sensitive nasal polyps, indicating that, to a certain extent, the imbalanced expression of the GR isoforms determines the anti-inflammatory effect of GC therapy and is one of the important factors contributing to GC resistance in CRS [10-12]. This evidence concerns the gene NR3C1 and congenital rubella syndrome.