In both cases CSPalpha levels were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of severe Alzheimer’s disease patients (referring to NSE expression: F(2,21) = 21.3; p < 0.01; referring to synaptophysin expression: F(2,19) = 14.6, p < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene SYP and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.