The latter hypothesis is supported by the observed therapeutic effect in selected populations that anti-TH2 therapies have recently been shown to have on asthma exacerbations.29,30,40 Although clinical studies investigating the effects of anti–IL-1β therapies are yet to be performed, the effects of TNF therapy on asthma exacerbation rates have been reported by just one study.41 The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is asthma.