Therefore we first investigated the effects of the TH2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 on SOCS1 through SOCS6 and CISH mRNA and protein expression in BECs because these cytokines are strongly implicated in asthma pathogenesis.29,30 IL-4 and IL-13 both induced SOCS1 mRNA and protein expression (Fig 1, A). Here, IL4 is linked to asthma.