BRCA1 and breast cancer: The CHEK2 p.R180C was previously reported in 0.58% (3/516) German familial breast cancer patients and 0.2% (1/500) controls [6], 0.58% (1/172) high-risk Ashkenazi Jewish breast/and or ovarian cancer families [7], 0.84% (1/118) familial Chinese breast cancer patients who were non-BRCA1/2 carriers [33], and in 0/673 Czech breast cancer patients and 0.15% (1/683) controls [39].