Studies by Gasparovic et al. and Pilatis et al. showed elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels to be predictive of AF in patients undergoing CABG.28,29 The utility of biomarkers in the setting of AF post cardiac surgery requires further clarification prior to a recommendation on their use but preliminary studies certainly show promise for AF prediction and thromboembolic risk stratification. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is atrial fibrillation.