LDLR and atherosclerosis: In Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor deficient (LDLR-/-) mice, we showed that the 9-cis β-carotene-rich diet inhibited atherogenesis, reduced non-HDL plasma cholesterol levels, and inhibited fatty liver development and inflammation, while the high-dose of synthetic all-trans β-carotene accelerated atherosclerosis [15].