The underlying mechanisms for the protective effects of ALDH2 against ischemia are multiple, such as decreasing toxic aldehydes accumulation [1], enhancing autophagy via AMPK-and Akt/mTOR signal [3], promoting apoptosis by MAPK-ERK1/2-JNK-p38 pathway [4] and modulating ER stress [5]. The gene discussed is ALDH2; the disease is ischemia.