In this study we report for the first time significant differences in peripheral PD1+ve CD4 T cells [Figure 3c], F (2, 62) = 4.72, p = .01, η2 = .13 and peripheral PD1+ve CD8 T cells, F (2, 62) = 3.11, p = .05, η2 = .09 between the three groups [Figure 3d], driven by an increase in the percentage of PD1+ve CD4 T and PD1+ve CD8 T cells in hip fracture patients with depressive symptoms compared with healthy controls, p = .01 and p = .05 respectively. Here, PDCD1 is linked to hip fracture.