TNF and hip fracture: The frequency of TNFα+ve CD4 T cells [Figure 5c] post-stimulation with PMA and Ionomycin, showed significant differences between our three groups F (2, 58) = 3.49, p = .03, η2 = .10, driven by an increase in percentage of TNFα+ve CD4 T cells in hip fracture patients with depressive symptoms compared with healthy controls, p = .03 [Figure 5e].