In particular, prenatally VPA-exposed rats exhibit not only autistic-like behaviors [18,19] but also anatomical and molecular alterations similar to human autism including reductions in cerebellar volume and numbers of Purkinje cells [20,21], altered monoamine levels [22], decreased expression of the autism-linked gene, neuroligin 3 [23], and perturbed cortical connectivity along with abnormal synapse formation and pruning [24,25]. The gene discussed is NLGN3; the disease is autism.