MTOR and breast carcinoma: More recently, several novel pathways have been identified as being dysregulated in breast cancer: the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) 1 pathway; the BRCA‐associated double‐strand break repair protein, poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1; and the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PIK3)–Akt–mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.