ACE and atrial fibrillation: A number of studies in animal models have demonstrated the effectiveness of treatment with ACE inhibitors and ARB in the inhibition of atrial remodeling associated with the long‐term infusion of angiotensin‐II (Tsai et al. 2008b), with atrial fibrillation (Kumagai et al. 2003; Anné et al. 2007; Li et al. 2007; Tsai et al. 2008a; Liu et al. 2010) and with heart failure (Li et al. 2001; Shimano et al. 2008).