The signal pathway of TNFα-dependent mediation of IL-32 expression in RA was explored by Moon et al. They reported the involvement of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)/ protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways in the regulation of IL-32 induction by TNF-α in synovial fibroblasts [29]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.