Expression levels of both E-cadherin and cold-shock domain-containing protein C2 (CSDC2) were increased through the action of promoter associated-miRNA-373 (miR-373).54 Transcriptional activation was associated with enrichment of RNA polymerase II in the promoter regions of both genes.54 Subsequently, transcriptional activation by promoter associated miRNAs has been reported in studies of three prostate cancer cell lines; LNCaP, PC-3, and Du145. This evidence concerns the gene CSDC2 and prostate carcinoma.