Host derived long noncoding RNA have recently been reported as contributing to virus production in HIV-1 infected cells in two different studies.95,96 First, the expression level of NEAT1, a lncRNA, was observed to change upon HIV-1 infection of T-cell lines (Jurkat, MT4); and second, the knockdown of NEAT1 by siRNA was shown to enhance virus production through increased nucleus-to-cytoplasm export of Rev-dependent instability element (INS)-containing HIV-1 mRNAs.95,96 Similar observations have been made in other viral infections. This evidence concerns the gene NEAT1 and viral infectious disease.