For patients with large HCC tumors with multiple intrahepatic metastases, debulking surgery followed by IFN-α and 5-FU combination therapy offers the possibility of long-term survival; however, optimal debulking is essential for prolonged survival during subsequent treatment (94), for example, postoperative adjuvant TACE is typically administered to HCC patients at a high risk of recurrence (95,96). Here, IFNA1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.