We analyzed the following surface markers: CD133, as a marker of CSCs including GSCs4; CD44, for astroglial cells and CSCs; CD24, for neural stem cells and CSCs12; CD56, for neuronal cells13; and CD54 and CD166 as cell-surface proteins reported to be expressed in gliomas and cancers14, 15, 16. Here, NCAM1 is linked to central nervous system cancer.