NPY and epilepsy: The NPY is also an endogenous anti-seizure compound, which has been evidenced through its upregulation in response to status epilepticus, occurences of seizure activity with reduced NPY levels and reduced epileptiform-like activity with NPY treatment in epilepsy prototypes (Baraban et al., 1997; Klapstein and Colmers, 1997; Patrylo et al., 1999; Vezzani et al., 1999; Sperk et al., 2007).