Patient 1 appeared to have an intact immune function and her prior use of an experimental immune modulator PLX3397, which blocks colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 and stem cell factor receptor 22, and/or treatment with autologous cancer vaccine may have altered the immunosuppressive stroma within her tumor, making her glioblastoma sensitized to subsequent immunomodulating therapies. This evidence concerns the gene FLT3 and cancer.