ABO and metabolic disease: Because phosphorylation of eIF2α-P, one of the branches of the unfolded protein response (UPR) activated upon ER stress, was recently shown to underlie AβO toxicity in the hippocampus (Costa et al, 2012; Lourenco et al, 2013; Ma et al, 2013), and hypothalamic ER stress has been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders (Ozcan et al, 2004, 2006; Hotamisligil, 2010), we asked whether AβOs might trigger eIF2α-P in mature cultured hypothalamic neurons.