INS and Insulin resistance: To determine whether AβO-induced insulin resistance in neuroendocrine brain regions impaired the ability of the brain to respond to insulin signaling by reducing food intake, mice were kept in metabolic cages for 7 days following i.c.v. injection of AβOs (or vehicle) and food intake was measured following an acute i.c.v. infusion of insulin (Schwartz et al, 2000; Sanchez-Lasheras et al, 2010).