They promote protein degradation by upregulating the expression of two muscle-specific ubiquitin E3-ligases, F-box protein (MAFbx/Atrogin-1), and muscle ring-finger protein 1 (MuRF1), which are involved in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, and so lead to skeletal muscle atrophy [3]. The gene discussed is FBXO32; the disease is muscle atrophy.