TNF and Insulin resistance: Some proteins, like adiponectin MIF and PRB4 have been shown to be partially released in exosomes from adipocytes and these proteins seem to have a role in macrophages differentiation, activation29 and subsequent development in insulin resistance.30 The extracellular vesicles, originated from in vitro differentiated SGBS adipocytes and human adipose tissue explants, upregulated the production of some proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6 and MIP-1α), as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10).