Expression of ANXA2 is upregulated in pancreatic cancer cell lines and primary pancreatic tumors.6, 7, 8 Furthermore, Akt/mTOR signaling is responsible, at least in part, for the upregulation of ANXA2 observed in recurrent pancreatic cancer following adjuvant therapy with gemcitabine. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.