The exact correlates of protection for malaria are unknown, although high malaria antibody titres to the malarial antigens used here (MSP-1 and AMA-1) have been associated with protection in some studies [26,29–31]and have, more recently, been used to demonstrate cumulative exposure with age to classify areas of different malaria endemicity [32,33]. This evidence concerns the gene ATAD1 and malaria.