Consistent with the results from both Aperio analysis and CellProfiler analysis (Fig. S5E and S5F), the analysis using SpotstudioTM (dot counting) software (Fig. S5G) showed that PD-L1 mRNA was highly expressed in 41.9% of WHO grade I meningioma and in 67.9% of WHO grade II and III meningioma (Fig. 4F). Here, CD274 is linked to meningioma.