We observed that kidney mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and pro-apoptotic DR5 were down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively at euthanasia; these observations are consistent with DNA fragmentation following Stx1 or Stx2 challenge of human renal cortical epithelial cells [19], and dUTP nick end labeled cells in renal cortices of EHEC infected mice and children with HUS [21]. Here, STX2 is linked to hemolytic-uremic syndrome.