Although the expression of hOSCP1 mRNA exhibited quite low level in the human liver (Kobayashi et al., 2005), we assumed that genetic variation of the gene coding for hOSCP1 might be related to the development and/or progression of other carcinomas such as non-viral LC as observed by Nie et al. (2003). The gene discussed is OSCP1; the disease is laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.