Consistent with this, although dismissed by many, due to the lack of co-localization between CUG-BP1 and the nuclear CUG-foci, it is very likely that CUG-BP1 in fact interacts with CUG-repeats in their single-stranded/soluble form, which in turn may contribute to the reported PKC-dependent upregulation in DM1 cells (11,24,28,81). Here, CELF1 is linked to myotonic dystrophy type 1.