Secondly, no systemic effect of NP treatment was apparent, as demonstrated by the absence of P.a translocation into the blood stream and the spleen (Figure 6) and the absence of serum markers of systemic tissue injury (Alanine Aminotransferase and Creatine Kinase activities), 24 or 48 h post-infection (Additional file 1: Figure S1). The gene discussed is GPT; the disease is infection.