Analysis of the HLA allele frequency showed an increased frequency of HLA-B*58 (11.36% vs. 5.03%; p = 0.028, OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.11–5.27, pc = 0.896) and HLA-C*12 (21.59% vs. 13.39%; p = 0.050, OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.00–3.15, pc = 0.70) and a decreased frequency of HLA-B*49 (0.0% vs. 6.07%; p = 0.014, OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.005–1.42, pc = 0.448) and HLA-C*05 (5.68% vs. 14.02%, p = 0.035, OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.14–0.94, pc = 0.490) in patients with BB leprosy. The gene discussed is HLA-C; the disease is leprosy.