The multi-step filter analysis confirmed known cancer driver genes BRAF (Figure 3–4, Supplementary table 6), RAC1, NRAS, TP53 (tumor protein p53, Gene ID: 7157), CDKN2A (results in p16INK transcript), STK19 (serine/threonine kinase 19, Gene ID: 8859), PPP6C (protein phosphatase 6, catalytic subunit, Gene ID: 5537), PTEN, IDH1 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, Gene ID: 3417), NMS (neuromedin S, Gene ID: 129521), CDK4, and VEGFC (vascular endothelial growth factor C, Gene ID: 7424) with significantly enriched functional mutations that passed a q-value cut-off below 0.01. Here, NRAS is linked to cancer.