Conversely, transcription of Ifng and the effector molecule, iNOS (encoded by Nos2), was elevated in cells from latently infected mice and enhanced substantially by both HOIL-1 KO and control animals very rapidly following infection with Listeria. Macrophages require priming with IFNγ to induce IL-12 in response to Listeria infection. Here, RBCK1 is linked to infection.