ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Mutant vital genes and dysregulating cell signaling pathways, including EGFR [27, 36], HER2 [37], EML4-ALK [38], RAS/MEK [39], PI3K/Akt/mTOR [40], and P53/P21 [41–43] have been found to play pivotal roles in NSCLC carcinogenesis and progression.