Activation of the inflammatory response, measured by increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP), has been shown to follow exposure to psychosocial stress, and is associated with rises in depressive symptoms and with major depressive disorder (Dowlati et al., 2010; Howren et al., 2009; Matthews et al., 2007; Matthews et al., 2010; Miller and Cole, 2012; Pasco et al., 2010; Raison and Miller, 2011; Van Den Biggelaar et al., 2007). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is major depressive disorder.