ETV4 and male reproductive organ cancer: Two previously established ETV1 models of prostate carcinogenesis [23], namely with silencing and de novo expression of ETV1 (in malignant LNCaP cells and benign PNT2 cells, respectively), were used as complementary cell line models uniquely overexpressing ETV1. We thus used MDA-PCa-2b and PC3 cells to establish two independent ETS downregulated cell populations for each cell line, which stably express shRNAs directed against one target region of ETV1 or ETV4 (explained in the Methods section), along with one negative control (shNeg).