To study the roles of VEGFR1- and VEGFR2-expressing non-tumor cells in the development of esophageal cancer, we made use of mouse-specific antibodies to determine if blockade of host VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 had any effects on growth of xenografted human ESCC tumors in mouse models. Here, FLT1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.