EPCAM and breast cancer: Interestingly, PATZ1 expression seems to affect expression of different genes depending on the cellular context: in FRO cells it downregulates EpCAM, involved in the inhibition of E-cadherin [27], and upregulates Caldesmon, implicated in the inhibition of invadopodia [27]; in TPC1 cells it upregulates RhoE, implicated in the inhibition of cytoskeletal changes accompanying tumor cell migration [27], and Caldesmon, whereas downregulates EpCam; in BC-PAP cells it modulates all three of these genes.