Mutations in HNF1B cause “RCAD syndrome” (Renal Cysts And Diabetes) and are associated with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) of MODY5 (Mature-Onset Diabetes of the Young 5) as well as a syndrome of developmental renal anomalies [31]. This evidence concerns the gene HNF1B and type 2 diabetes mellitus.