In the patient cohort, ATP6V0A4, KCNJ1, CLDN8, TMPRSS2 and KNG1 were significantly reduced, whereas NNMT, NR3C1, CAV1, ARHGDIB, NETO2 and ATP2B4 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in ccRCC (Figure 9). This evidence concerns the gene CLDN8 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.