It should be noted that when the role of miR 196a in the pathogenesis and prediction of patients with NSCLC outcome was recently confirmed, it was found that miR-196a is significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues, and that it is involved in NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, mainly via the downregulation of HOXA5. Here, HOXA5 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.